ESTP


 * See also École spéciale des travaux publics. For the Socionics ESTp, see Sensory Logical Extrovert.

ESTP (Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, Perception) is an abbreviation used in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) publications to refer to one of the sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book Psychological Types, which proposed a psychological typology based on his theories of cognitive functions.

From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Well-known personality tests are the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to ESTPs as Promoters, one of the four types belonging to the temperament he called the Artisan.

The MBTI instrument

 * E – Extraversion preferred to Introversion
 * S – Sensing preferred to iNtuition
 * T – Thinking preferred to Feeling
 * P – Perception preferred to Judgment

Myers-Briggs description
According to Myers-Briggs, ESTPs are hands-on learners who live in the moment, seeking the best in life, wanting to share it with their friends. The ESTP is open to situations, able to improvise to bring about desired results. They are active people who want to solve their problems rather than simply discuss them.

Keirsey description
According to Keirsey, ESTPs, or "Promoter Artisans", are the most adept among the types at manipulating other people. Promoting is the art of maneuvering others to one's position. Concrete in speech and utilitarian in action, they are smooth operators. The ESTP knows everyone who matters and everything there is to do because they are very resourceful, always knowing where the fun and action is. They like to indulge themselves in the finer things in life and to bring other people with them. Their goal in life is to sell themselves and their ideas to others. Dramatic and debonair, they are gifted at earning others' confidence.

According to Keirsey, based on observations of behavior, famous Promoters include John F. Kennedy, Teddy Roosevelt, Madonna, and Donald Trump. For more examples, see Notable Promoters.

Other characteristics

 * Outgoing
 * Charming
 * Witty
 * Fun
 * Generous
 * Observant
 * Socially sophisticated
 * Resourceful
 * Troubleshooter
 * Unpredictable
 * Action oriented
 * Clever

Cognitive functions

 * Dominant Extraverted Sensing (Se)
 * Auxiliary Introverted Thinking (Ti)
 * Tertiary Extraverted Feeling (Fe)
 * Inferior Introverted iNtuition (Ni)

Notable ESTPs
According to the "Guidelines for Ethical Use for Certified MBTI Professionals", "only the individual can verify his or her own best-fitting type." The MBTI instrument focuses on cognitive processes, which are not observable, and therefore speculation regarding another person's type is not an appropriate use of the instrument. The Keirsey Temperament Sorter, however, focuses on behavior, which is observable. For illustrative purposes, Keirsey and others, as referenced below, have identified well-known individuals whose behavior is consistent with a specific type. Unless otherwise noted, the categorization of the individuals below, whether living or dead, as ESTPs is a matter of expert opinion rather than the result of actual personality testing of the named individual.

Arts and Entertainment
 * Lucille Ball
 * Ernest Hemingway
 * Eddie Murphy
 * John Wayne

Politics/Military
 * James Buchanan
 * Winston Churchill
 * Henry VIII
 * Andrew Jackson
 * General George Patton
 * Franklin Pierce
 * Colin Powell
 * Chuck Yeager

Fictional
 * James Bond (the James Bond series)
 * Louie De Palma (Taxi)
 * Heathcliff (Wuthering Heights)
 * Scarlett O'Hara (Gone With The Wind)
 * Polonius (in Shakespeare's play Hamlet)
 * James Wilson (House, M.D.)

Other
 * Cherie Blair (barrister)
 * Jacob (Esau's brother)
 * Mikhail Kalashnikov (small arms designer, AK-47)
 * St. Peter (apostle)