ESTP


 * See also École spéciale des travaux publics

ESTP (Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, Perceiving) is an acronym used in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) publications to refer to one of the sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book Psychological Types, which proposed a psychological typology based on his theories of cognitive functions.

From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Well-known personality tests are the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to ESTPs as Promoters, one of the four types belonging to the temperament he called the Artisan.

The MBTI instrument
The MBTI preferences indicate the differences in people based on the following:


 * How they focus their attention or get their energy (Extraversion or Introversion)
 * How they perceive or take in information (Sensing or Intuition)
 * How they prefer to make decisions (Thinking or Feeling)
 * How they orient themselves to the external world (Judging or Perceiving)

The MBTI tool consists of multiple choice questions that sort respondents on the basis of four "dichotomies" (pairs of psychological opposites). Sixteen different outcomes are possible, each of which is identified by its own four-letter code, referred to by initial letters. The MBTI is approximately 70% accurate according to its own manual.


 * E - Extraversion preferred to Introversion
 * S - Sensing preferred to iNtuition
 * T - Thinking preferred to Feeling
 * P - Perceiving preferred to Judging

Myers-Briggs description
According to Myers-Briggs, ESTPs are hands-on learners who live in the moment, seeking the best in life, wanting to share it with their friends. The ESTP is open to situations, able to improvise to bring about desired results. They are active people who want to solve their problems rather than simply discuss them.

Keirsey description
According to Keirsey, ESTPs, or "Promoter Artisans", are the most adept among the types at manipulating other people. Promoting is the art of maneuvering others to one's position. Concrete in speech and utilitarian in action, they are smooth operators. The ESTP knows everyone who matters and everything there is to do because they are very resourceful, always knowing where the fun and action is. They like to indulge themselves in the finer things in life and to bring other people with them. Their goal in life is to sell themselves and their ideas to others. Dramatic and debonair, they are gifted at earning others' confidence.

According to Keirsey, based on observations of behavior, famous Promoters include John F. Kennedy, Teddy Roosevelt, Madonna, and Donald Trump.

Other characteristics

 * Outgoing
 * Charming
 * Witty
 * Fun
 * Generous
 * Observant
 * Socially sophisticated
 * Resourceful
 * Troubleshooter
 * Unpredictable
 * Action oriented
 * Clever

Cognitive functions
For each personality type, the cognitive functions—sensing, intuition, thinking, and feeling—form a hierarchy. This represents the person's "default" pattern of behavior in their day to day life. The Dominant is the personality type's preferred role, the one they feel most comfortable with. The secondary Auxiliary function serves to support and expand on the dominant function. If the Dominant is an information gathering function (sensing or intuition), the Auxiliary is a decision making function (thinking or feeling), and vice versa. The Tertiary function is less developed than the Dominant and Auxiliary, but it develops as the person matures, providing roundness of ability. The Inferior function is the personality type's Achilles' heel. This is the function they are least comfortable with. Like the Tertiary, the Inferior strengthens with maturity.


 * Dominant Extraverted Sensing (Se)
 * Auxiliary Introverted Thinking (Ti)
 * Tertiary Extraverted Feeling (Fe)
 * Inferior Introverted iNtuition (Ni)